{"id":8785,"date":"2019-01-29T02:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-01-29T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.eyebuydirect.com\/blog\/?p=8785"},"modified":"2024-08-27T10:31:31","modified_gmt":"2024-08-27T14:31:31","slug":"what-is-astigmatism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.eyebuydirect.com\/blog\/what-is-astigmatism\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Astigmatism?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Reviewed by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eyebuydirect.com\/eyecare\/our-vision-experts\/sonia-kelley\">Sonia Kelley, OD, MS<\/a> on 7\/21\/2023<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Astigmatism is a refractive error that can affect a person\u2019s vision at multiple distances. Refractive errors are a group of eye irregularities that affect how the eye focuses light. In the case of astigmatism, the irregularity is found in the cornea and\/or the natural lens of the eye.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eyebuydirect.com\/blog\/20-20-in-2020-is-perfect-vision-possible\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For vision to be clear<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, incoming light rays must focus directly on the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue that lines the back of the eye. The cornea and lens of the eye work together to focus the light perfectly, like a highly focused spotlight on a stage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In an eye with astigmatism, imperfections in the cornea, the lens, or both cause the light to disperse rather than focus. So instead of spotlighting the center of the stage, light scatters to several focal points around it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to having blurry vision, astigmatic people often have trouble seeing in low-light conditions. This can make night driving difficult and potentially dangerous.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-12984\" src=\"https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Astigmatism-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"An infographic showing how astigmatism works\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Astigmatism-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Astigmatism-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Astigmatism-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Astigmatism-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Astigmatism-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Astigmatism-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Astigmatism-693x520.jpeg 693w, https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Astigmatism-333x250.jpeg 333w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Types<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Astigmatism can be categorized in a few ways. The first way to organize the refractive error is by cause. This separates it into three types:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Corneal astigmatism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 The cornea, which is the clear, frontmost layer of the eye, has irregularities in its curvature. This is the most common type.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Lenticular astigmatism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The lens, which sits behind the pupil and iris (the colored part of the eye), has imperfections in its curvature, positioning, or angle in which it refracts light.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Retinal astigmatism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 The macula (the center of the retina) is in a slanted position, which makes it difficult for light to land on it perfectly.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the main meridians of the eye are 90 degrees apart \u2014 known as <\/span><b>regular astigmatism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 eye doctors often separate it into two categories:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>With-the-rule astigmatism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 The cornea\u2019s curvature is steeper along the vertical axis. This makes the cornea appear like a football when it\u2019s lying on its side, or like a sphere that\u2019s being pinched together from the top and bottom. This type is the most common.<\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Against-the-rule astigmatism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 The cornea has steeper curvature along the horizontal axis, so it looks like a football standing up, or a sphere that\u2019s being pinched together from the sides.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Causes<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When you look at an average cornea and lens from a side view, they should both have a smooth round curvature like a ping pong ball. But the profile view of an astigmatic cornea looks more like the back of a spoon \u2014 the curvature isn\u2019t uniform across the eye.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s this wonky curvature that results in distorted or blurred vision at multiple distances. But doctors aren\u2019t quite sure what causes the corneal or lenticular irregularities to develop in the first place. Most often, the imperfection is present at birth. However, there have also been cases that developed after an eye procedure like cataract surgery.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eyebuydirect.com\/eyeglasses\/frames\/charlotte-tortoise-s-13159\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8789 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/23th-jan-blog-Article-Images-3-1000-x-630-pixels.jpg\" alt=\"Charlotte, in Tortoiseshell and Purple\" width=\"1000\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/23th-jan-blog-Article-Images-3-1000-x-630-pixels.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/23th-jan-blog-Article-Images-3-1000-x-630-pixels-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/23th-jan-blog-Article-Images-3-1000-x-630-pixels-768x484.jpg 768w, https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/23th-jan-blog-Article-Images-3-1000-x-630-pixels-825x520.jpg 825w, https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/23th-jan-blog-Article-Images-3-1000-x-630-pixels-397x250.jpg 397w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Symptoms<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">People with mild astigmatism may not notice any symptoms, which makes it tough to diagnose without an eye exam.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Those who do have symptoms often experience:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Distorted or blurry vision<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eye strain and fatigue<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The need to squint in order to see clearly<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Headaches<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Glare or halos that appear around lights<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Light sensitivity<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Symptoms that worsen at night or in low-light conditions<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regular <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eyebuydirect.com\/blog\/how-much-is-an-eye-exam\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">eye exams<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> help ensure that any vision or eye health issues you have are identified and treated properly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eyebuydirect.com\/eyeglasses\/frames\/lacquer-brown-m-26232\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12556 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/content-18.png\" alt=\"A woman with curly hair wearing eyeglasses with brown frames\" width=\"900\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/content-18.png 900w, https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/content-18-300x233.png 300w, https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/content-18-768x597.png 768w, https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/content-18-669x520.png 669w, https:\/\/img.ebdcdn.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/content-18-321x250.png 321w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Can Astigmatism Be Corrected?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yes, most types of astigmatism can be corrected. In fact, there are several correction options, depending on your personal preference.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most common vision correction methods are <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eyebuydirect.com\/eyeglasses\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">eyeglasses<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and contact lenses. However, people looking for a more permanent option may benefit from refractive surgery to correct astigmatism.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Glasses to Correct Astigmatism<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For mild cases without another refractive error present, your eye doctor may recommend wearing eyeglasses during certain activities, such as driving at night.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Glasses to correct astigmatism have cylindrical lenses, while other refractive errors are corrected with spherical lenses. Cylindrical lenses have a different prescription at different meridians in the lens. Spherical lenses have the same corrective power throughout the entire lens.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>READ MORE: <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eyebuydirect.com\/blog\/how-do-eyeglasses-work\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How Do Glasses Help You See?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contact Lenses for Astigmatism<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you need full-time astigmatism correction, you may prefer contacts over eyeglasses. Contacts for astigmatism are called toric contact lenses.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because it has a specific point of correction, a toric contact lens is designed to rotate to the perfect position when placed on the eyeball. This ensures the point of correction is lined up precisely with the place of imperfection on the cornea.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Surgery to Fix Astigmatism<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you want a permanent alternative to glasses and contacts, laser eye surgery to correct astigmatism may fit the bill. Some of the most common procedures include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 This procedure consists of reshaping the cornea using a laser. An incision is made in the cornea\u2019s outer layer to create a flap. Once the reshaping by laser is complete, the flap is put back into place and heals. The surgery takes about 30 minutes or less to complete.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 This procedure is very similar to LASIK surgery in that lasers are used to reshape the cornea. However, rather than creating a flap, the cornea\u2019s outer layer is completely removed during PRK surgery. Over time, the outer layer will grow back. Because a flap is not created, this procedure is more suited for people who have dry eye or thin corneas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Radial keratotomy (RK)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 This procedure involves making tiny cuts in the cornea to help flatten its irregular curvature.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2013 In this procedure, the eye surgeon uses a femtosecond laser to form a tiny disc of eye tissue called a lenticule. The lenticule is removed from the eye through a small peripheral incision, which effectively reshapes the cornea. This procedure avoids the complications involved with the creation of a corneal flap.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before making any decisions about astigmatism correction, it\u2019s best to talk to your eye doctor about the benefits and potential risks. They can advise you on the most effective way to correct your astigmatism and put you on the road to clear vision.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SOURCES<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/8576-astigmatism\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Astigmatism<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Cleveland Clinic. November 2022.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK582142\/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Astigmatism<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">StatPearls<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. May 2023.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mountsinai.org\/health-library\/diseases-conditions\/astigmatism\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Astigmatism<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Cedar Sinai. August 2022.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nei.nih.gov\/learn-about-eye-health\/eye-conditions-and-diseases\/astigmatism\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Astigmatism<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. National Eye Institute. June 2019.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visioncenter.org\/eyeglasses\/astigmatism\/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Astigmatism Glasses<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Vision Center. December 2022.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/academic-accelerator.com\/encyclopedia\/cylindrical-lens\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cylindrical Lens<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Academic Accelerator. Accessed July 2023.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uvahealth.com\/services\/eye-care\/astigmatism\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Astigmatism<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. UVA Health. Accessed July 2023.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.allaboutvision.com\/contacts\/torics.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contact Lenses for Astigmatism<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. All About Vision. February 2019.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/21805-lasik-eye-surgery#procedure-details\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LASIK Eye Surgery<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Cleveland Clinic. February 2023.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.michiganmedicine.org\/health-lab\/lasik-vs-prk-which-vision-correction-surgery-right-you\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LASIK vs. PRK: Which Vision Correction Surgery Is Right for You?<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> University of Michigan Medicine. December 2017.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK559162\/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Radial Keratotomy Correction<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">StatPearls<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. April 2023.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/25076-smile-eye-surgery\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SMILE Eye Surgery<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Cleveland Clinic. June 2023.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reviewed by Sonia Kelley, OD, MS on 7\/21\/2023 Astigmatism is a refractive error that can affect a person\u2019s vision at multiple distances. Refractive errors are a group of eye irregularities that affect how the eye focuses light. In the case of astigmatism, the irregularity is found in the cornea and\/or the natural lens of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":60,"featured_media":8359,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[899],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eyecare"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is Astigmatism? | Eye Health and Fashion Blog | Eyebuydirect<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Understanding what is astigmatism is an important first step in understanding how and why eye vision is so important. 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